Essay about The Role of Science, Ethics, and Faith in...

The Role of Science, Ethics, and Faith in Modern Philosophy ABSTRACT: Curiously, in the late twentieth century, even agnostic cosmologists like Stephen Hawking—who is often compared with Einstein—pose metascientific questions concerning a Creator and the cosmos, which science per se is unable to answer. Modern science of the brain, e.g. Roger Penroses Shadows of the Mind (1994), is only beginning to explore the relationship between the brain and the mind-the physiological and the epistemic. Galileo thought that Gods two books-Nature and the Word-cannot be in conflict, since both have a common author: God. This entails, inter alia, that science and faith are to two roads to the Creator-God. David Granby recalls that once upon a time,†¦show more content†¦Paradoxically, the third model, which argues for a fusion or unity of science and theology has naturalistic as well as theistic proponents. For naturalists like Willem B. Drees, personal experiences, including religious experiences and consciousness, are all part and par cel of nature (1996: 245). Hence, Drees concludes that the distinction between personal and impersonal relations provides no basis for distinguishing supernatural and natural phenomena (1996: 245). Naturalists like Drees, then, consider religious beliefs and moral codes as products of evolution or natural processes alone, which leave no room for a Creator, let alone a transcendent God. In contrast, theists like Phillip E. Johnson and Alvin Plantinga criticize the prevailing scientific paradigm in the natural sciences for excluding questions concerning design, purpose, value, First Principles, and ultimately the Creator-God. According to Johnson, the scientific method or methodological naturalism leads imperceptibly to, and buttresses, metaphysical naturalism that excludes the transcendent and God. For Johnson, this reductionist methodology has impoverished science and led to a corrosive moral/ethical relativism affecting social theory, law, and practice, since naturalistic metaphysics leads inexorably to relativism in ethics and politics, even though many naturalists dislike relativism and try hardShow MoreRelatedWeber s Criticism On Modern Society1387 Words   |  6 Pagescomments on modern society, he was primarily concerned with the emergence of capitalism. Weber’s work focuses predominantly on Western European culture and questions the re-emergence of capitalism time and time again over the course of history. Weber believes that what he referred to as modern rationality was a factor in the re-emergence of capitalism in Western Europe (Weber; 1905, 2007). This rationalism Weber refers to is what guides us to make choices in our lives. Personal ethics play a hugeRead MoreReligion And Where It Falls Today s Society926 Words   |  4 Pagessocial media and risk takers born after 2000, grow into the modern world, numerous crowds are questioning religion in today’s prevailing society and if it should be taught in the home (Sanburn). In fact, the religious category of unaffiliated has risen from 16% in 2007 to 23% in 2014. However, this does not mean that the overall Christian religion is depleting as still seven of ten identify themselves as Christians. Parents play a vital role in their children’s lives, ultimately to create the foundationRead MoreThe Generation Of Social Media And Risk Takers916 Words   |  4 Pagesgeneration of social media and risk takers born after 2000, grow into the modern world, many are questioning religion in today’s prevailing society and if it should be taught in the home. In fac t, the religious category of unaffiliated has risen from 16% in 2007 to 23% in 2014. However, this does not mean that the overall Christian religion is depleting as still seven of ten identify themselves as Christians. Parent’s play a vital role in their children’s lives, ultimately to create the foundation forRead MoreSpiritual Competence: Sikh Beliefs and Faiths1432 Words   |  6 Pagesperspective on health care to that of the Christian Religion. Sikh Beliefs and Faiths Sikhism is reported as the largest non-Christian religious group. There are 22 million followers worldwide. The founder, Guru Nanak Dev, was born in 1946, in Punjab, a region in India. This religion is not one that worships supernaturalism nor does it believe in devils, angels or heavenly spirits (Reimer-Kirkham, 2009). Sikhism faith starts with cheer and hope. Spiritual Perspective on Healing Meditation, alsoRead MoreEssay on Authority in Lisa Cahill’s â€Å"Homosexuality1169 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Homosexuality The most difficult part of any modern theological debate is choosing the authority. With the variety of Christian denominations, individual thinkers, and outside influences, and it is often difficult to reach a general agreement. In her essay, â€Å"Homosexuality: A Case Study in Moral Argument,† Catholic theologian Lisa Cahill examines four major authorities and different ways to determine how they work together to produce a cohesive Christian ethic. Though she fails to give a definitiveRead MoreThe Paradigm of 21st Century Nursing: Theories of Caring and Practice2625 Words   |  10 Pagesan overall philosophy of ethics while still remaining mindful of budgets and the need for the medical institution to be profitable. It seems as if these issues comprise a three-part template for nursing: respect for patient value individuality, education of patients, and cognition and respect for the realities of contemporary medicine. In many ways, too, modern technology has advanced further than societal wisdom, especially when confronting the issue of death. The modern nurses role is to createRead MoreClive Staples : The Intellectual Writings1072 Words   |  5 Pagesmost influential writers of his day. Lewis was born to a protestant family in Belfast, Ireland. He remembers his family purchasing and reading â€Å"endless† books, where none of them were off–limits to him. This in return may have played a significant role in his imagination and love for fantasy. After his brother left home for boarding school in 1905, Lewis spent most of his time reading and imagining worlds outside of his own. During this time, Lewis would write and illustrated his own stories. AfterRead MoreLegal Positivism: Hart, Austin, Bentham Essay1217 Words   |  5 Pagesis divorced from a system of ethics. Legality is not, inherently nor intentionally, compliant with a code of behavior. Law is, as it is created by the ruling class, designed to benefit those in power. Mo rals and sentiment do not play a role in the government, nor the rules that the government establishes. Legal positivism is a school of thought in the science of law or jurisprudence from the Latin term juris prudentia, which means the study, knowledge, or science of law; or in the United StatesRead MoreJean Watsons Theory Of Human Caring1343 Words   |  5 Pages1979 in Watsons book Nursing: The Philosophy and Science of Caring (Watson, Nursing: The Philosophy and Science of Caring, 2008). Discussion abounds, possibly because of the implications of her theory challenge the applicability of nursing practice in the contemporary world of budget cuts and HMOs, as to less the validity and more the practicality of Watsons theory. For Watson, one cannot view nursing as just a science, but a combination of art and science that uses the process of caring toRead MoreBranches of Philosophy8343 Words   |  34 PagesBranches of philosophy The following branches are the main areas of study: †¢ Metaphysics investigates the nature of being and the world. Traditional branches are cosmology and ontology. †¢ Epistemology is concerned with the nature and scope of knowledge, and whether knowledge is possible. Among its central concerns has been the challenge posed by skepticism and the relationships between truth, belief, and justification. †¢ Ethics, or moral philosophy, is concerned with questions of how

The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald Essay - 856 Words

The emotion of love can drive a man to the edge. In the book The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald Jay Gatsby is a man motivated by love for a married woman named Daisy whom he once had a relationship in the past. Gatsby acquires wealth and power to regain the love of Daisy; however he gains his wealth through bootlegging, and other implied illegal activities. Gatsby is a manipulator revealed in the interactions between himself and Daisy’s cousin Nick. Gatsby shows signs of a sociopath in his complex planning and focused desire to win back Daisy. It’s evident at the end of the film that Gatsby is blinded by love but is inherently shallow and a manipulator willing to lie and cheat for love. Gatsby was superficial in his belief that by acquiring wealth and power that he would win the heart of Daisy. He throws expensive parties to lure her into his home Gatsby’s entire life after the war was focused on the main task of acquiring as much wealth as possible by any means possible. As Jonathan Vetch says in â€Å"Jay Gatsby, Shane, Nevada Smith A â€Å"Memoir†Ã¢â‚¬  Gatsby attempts to create an identity through his possessions. In order to establish self-esteem Gatsby creates a persona that is courageous and cultured all to be perceived as worthy in his eyes of being with Daisy. In his mind he fosters an idea of what he should be in the eyes of the world. His worth is only based on the material possession’s he owns and the status that he can attain. Jay Gatsby is rumored to be master of manyShow MoreRelatedThe Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald1393 Words   |  6 PagesF. Scott Fitzgerald was the model of the American image in the nineteen twenties. He had wealth, fame, a beautiful wife, and an adorable daughter; all seemed perfect. Beneath the gilded faà §ade, however, was an author who struggled with domestic and physical difficulties that plagued his personal life and career throughout its short span. This author helped to launch the theme that is so prevalent in his work; the human instinct to yearn for more, into the forefront of American literature, where itRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1343 Words   |  6 PagesHonors English 10 Shugart 18 Decemeber 2014 The Great Gatsby F. Scott Fitzgerald s 1925 novel The Great Gatsby is a tragic love story, a mystery, and a social commentary on American life. The Great Gatsby is about the lives of four wealthy characters observed by the narrator, Nick Carroway. Throughout the novel a mysterious man named Jay Gatsby throws immaculate parties every Saturday night in hope to impress his lost lover, Daisy Buchanan. Gatsby lives in a mansion on West Egg across from DaisyRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1155 Words   |  5 PagesThe Great Gatsby The Jazz Age was an era where everything and anything seemed possible. It started with the beginning of a new age with America coming out of World War I as the most powerful nation in the world (Novel reflections on, 2007). As a result, the nation soon faced a culture-shock of material prosperity during the 1920’s. Also known as the â€Å"roaring twenties†, it was a time where life consisted of prodigality and extravagant parties. Writing based on his personal experiences, author F. ScottRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1166 Words   |  5 Pagesin the Haze F. Scott Fitzgerald lived in a time that was characterized by an unbelievable lack of substance. After the tragedy and horrors of WWI, people were focused on anything that they could that would distract from the emptiness that had swallowed them. Tangible greed tied with extreme materialism left many, by the end of this time period, disenchanted. The usage of the literary theories of both Biographical and Historical lenses provide a unique interpretation of the Great Gatsby centered aroundRead MoreThe Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald845 Words   |  3 PagesIn F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel, The Great Gatsby, colors represent a variety of symbols that relate back to the American Dream. The dream of being pure, innocent and perfect is frequently associated with the reality of corruption, violence, and affairs. Gatsby’s desire for achieving the American Dream is sought for through corruption (Schneider). The American Dream in the 1920s was perceived as a desire of w ealth and social standings. Social class is represented through the East Egg, the WestRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald Essay970 Words   |  4 Pagesrespecting and valuing Fitzgerald work in the twenty-first century? Fitzgerald had a hard time to profiting from his writing, but he was not successful after his first novel. There are three major point of this essay are: the background history of Fitzgerald life, the comparisons between Fitzgerald and the Gatsby from his number one book in America The Great Gatsby, and the Fitzgerald got influences of behind the writing and being a writer. From childhood to adulthood, Fitzgerald faced many good andRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald2099 Words   |  9 Pagesauthor to mirror his life in his book. In his previous novels F. Scott Fitzgerald drew from his life experiences. He said that his next novel, The Great Gatsby, would be different. He said, â€Å"In my new novel I’m thrown directly on purely creative work† (F. Scott Fitzgerald). He did not realize or did not want it to appear that he was taking his own story and intertwining it within his new novel. In The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, he imitates his lifestyle through the Buchanan family to demonstrateRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1607 Words   |  7 Pages The Great Gatsby is an American novel written in 1925 by F. Scott Fitzgerald. One of the themes of the book is the American Dream. The American Dream is an idea in which Americans believe through hard work they can achieve success and prosperity in the free world. In F. Scott Fitzgerald s novel, The Great Gatsby, the American Dream leads to popularity, extreme jealousy and false happiness. Jay Gatsby’s recent fortune and wealthiness helped him earn a high social position and become one of the mostRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1592 Words   |  7 PagesMcGowan English 11A, Period 4 9 January 2014 The Great Gatsby Individuals who approach life with an optimistic mindset generally have their goals established as their main priority. Driven by ambition, they are determined to fulfill their desires; without reluctance. These strong-minded individuals refuse to be influenced by negative reinforcements, and rely on hope in order to achieve their dreams. As a man of persistence, the wealthy Jay Gatsby continuously strives to reclaim the love of hisRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1646 Words   |  7 PagesThe 1920s witnessed the death of the American Dream, a message immortalized in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby. Initially, the American Dream represented the outcome of American ideals, that everyone has the freedom and opportunity to achieve their dreams provided they perform honest hard work. During the 1920s, the United States experienced massive economic prosperity making the American Dream seem alive and strong. However, in Fitzgerald’s eyes, the new Am erican culture build around that

Organisational Behavior Assignment Free Essays

Groups and Organizational Dynamics Assignment Prof. Nafisa Kattarwala Submitted by – Ryan Pereira PT-MBA Div. B Roll No. We will write a custom essay sample on Organisational Behavior Assignment or any similar topic only for you Order Now 39 What are the types of groups you have worked with in an organization, what are the conflicts that had arisen and how did you resolve them? A group is defined as two or more individuals, interacting and interdependent, who have come together to achieve particular objectives. Groups can be either formal or informal. Formal groups are those groups that are defined by the organization’s structure, with designated work assignments establishing tasks. Informal groups are alliances that are neither formally structured nor organizationally determined. Informal groups are natural formations in the work environment that appear in response to the need for social contact. Formal groups are further classified into command groups, task groups and functional groups whereas informal groups are classified into interest groups and friendship groups. As an employee of JPMorgan, I had the privilege of working with a wide variety of groups ranging from functional (formal) groups to interest and friendship (informal) oriented groups. The formal functional group which I was associated with had been formed in order to achieve the organizational objective. As a part of the corporate actions and income processing team, my groups’ primary function was to ensure corporate action notices were sent out to clients in a timely fashion and ensuring payment of incomes (dividends and coupons) to all entitled JPMorgan clients were completed as per the specified deadlines. We were a group of 5 individuals (4 males and 1 female). The conflict that had initially risen within this formal functional group was the work allocation to males and females. As the team was usually heavily burden with volumes throughout the major part of the week and as the female in the group had to leave early to take care of household activities, she had informed the group that she would not accept additional work and will be working for only a fixed number of hours. This did not go well with the rest of the male employees who had to put in extra hours in order to complete the work. The male employees felt that she was taking undue advantage of the fact that she was a female and taking on less work and responsibilities as compared to them. As the team leader was on an extended leave, it was the operations analyst’s responsibility to handle the situation and maintain order in the group. As I was the operations analyst in the group, I ensured that the interests of all the parties in the group were met by requesting the female member of the group to do an early shift (early morning 7 AM to 5 PM) so that she could handle a majority of the workload in the morning and could leave at her scheduled time so that she could also complete her household activities. In this way the interests of the female employee was met as well as that of her male colleagues who had relatively less workload at the latter part of the day as compared to before the conflict. The second group that I was associated with was informal in nature and was an interest group. JPMorgan has a wide variety of hobby groups that an employee can join, in order to enrich the employees’ interest in certain hobbies like reading, trekking, etc. I had enrolled myself in the reading group as I am an avid reader and knew that JPMorgan has an extensive collection of books and literature and could benefit extensively from my associations with the group. The group used to give out books (novels of all genres – management, science fiction, adventure, autobiographies, crime, detective, etc. ) to employees for a period of two weeks after which the employee would be requested to return the book to the group so that the group could lend the books to others. The group used to also hold book reviews and discussions on many occasions. The conflict that arose in this group was that a few group members felt that only they were actively participating in the reading group and the others were just there for name sake and were like sleeping partners. The members felt that there were individuals in the group who were not even responsible for the books lent by them to employees nor did they keep accurate tabs on those who had taken the books and had not yet returned the books as per the scheduled deadlines. As a result of this irresponsibility, the group had lost/ misplaced several titles from its collection and the books could not be replaced as the group was formed as a recreational group without any funding from senior management for purchasing books. The books that were in possession with the group were donated by employees and colleagues over the years and the collection had amassed to an impressive one. The group decided that as there were indeed individuals who were contributing relatively less as compared to the other individuals in the group, the group should list down all the activities that it entails and should allocate jobs/ tasks to each individual in the group. There should be primary, secondary and tertiary roles assigned to individuals so that no task/ group activity is left unchecked if one or two employees of the group were absent on a particular day. This way each individual in the group is given the responsibility of a certain group activity or task and no individual is sitting idle in the group without any work or with making any contribution in the group. Furthermore, it was decided that the tasks/ group activities would be rotated amongst the group members so that no one individual gets bored/ uninterested with the same activity and so that all the members in the group gets a hands on approach to all the activities of the group. The rotation was done on a month to month basis and quarter basis depending on the activity. The third group that I was associated with was an informal friendship group. In JPMorgan, I had the privilege of meeting some amazing and extremely talented people. I was fortunate enough to form a lasting bond of friendship with such individuals. These individuals were from different backgrounds and had different thought processes and hence I was able to learn a lot from them. We were a total of seven friends at JPMorgan – four males and 3 females. All of us were from different departments and used to sit on different floors of the same building, but we used to meet up to have lunch together as a group. We used to co-ordinate amongst ourselves and used to meet in the office cafeteria. In a span of one year we had become really good friends and had some truly memorable times with each other. One day when the entire group was seated for lunch at the office cafeteria, a conflict of sorts broke out amongst the group when one of the guys in the group made a general statement and one of the girls in the group took the statement personally and felt that the statement was directed at her as an insult. The guy in the group did not intentionally want to insult the girl but the girl took the statement in that manner. Due to this miscommunication, there was a cold war between the girl and the guy and those that were around them. The rest of the friends in the group did not understand why the two were behaving in such a negative manner towards each other. All those who were part of the group started acting differently around each other as they too were friends with the guy and the girl in some way or the other and they could not take sides. Due to this there were a lot of petty issues which were brought up and made into big issues as the group started fighting amongst themselves. In the end, we all split up and are no longer in touch with each other. We decided to stay apart as the incident created a riff in the friendship which could not be bridged. These are some of the groups that I was associated with along with the conflicts that had been faced and how they were resolved. 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Canterbury Tales A Character Sketch Of Chaucers Knight Essay Example For Students

Canterbury Tales A Character Sketch Of Chaucers Knight Essay Canterbury Tales A Character Sketch of Chaucers KnightGeoffrey Chaucers Canterbury Tales, written in approximately 1385, is a collection of twenty-four stories ostensibly told by various people who are going on a religious pilgrimage to Canterbury Cathedral from London, England. Prior to the actual tales, however, Chaucer offers the reader a glimpse of fourteenth century life by way of what he refers to as a General Prologue. In this prologue, Chaucer introduces all of the characters who are involved in this imaginary journey and who will tell the tales. Among the characters included in this introductory section is a knight. Chaucer initially refers to the knight as a most distinguished man (l. 43) and, indeed, his sketch of the knight is highly complimentary. The knight, Chaucer tells us, possessed/Fine horses, but he was not gaily dressed (ll. 69-70). Indeed, the knight is dressed in a common shirt which is stained where his armor had left mark (l. 72). That is, the knight is just home from service (l. 73) and is in such a hurry to go on his pilgrimage that he has not even paused before beginning it to change his clothes. The knight has had a very busy life as his fighting career has taken him to a great many places. He has seen military service in Egypt, Lithuania, Prussia, Russia, Spain, North Africa, and Asia Minor where he was of value in all eyes l. 63. Even though he has had a very successful and busy career, he is extremely humble: Chaucer maintains that he is modest as a maid l. 65. Moreover, he has never said a rude thing to anyone in his entire life cf. , ll. 66-7. Clearly, the knight possesses an outstanding character. Chaucer gives to the knight one of the more flattering descriptions in the General Prologue. The knight can do no wrong: he is an outstanding warrior who has fought for the true faithaccording to Chauceron three continents. In the midst of all this contenton, however, the knight remains modest and polite. The knight is the embodiment of the chivalric code: he is devout and courteous off the battlefield and is bold and fearless on it. In twentieth century America, we would like to think that we have many people in our society who are like Chaucers knight. During this nations altercation with Iraq in 1991, the concept of the modest but effective soldier captured the imagination of the country. Indeed, the nations journalists in many ways attempted to make General H. Norman Schwarzkof a latter day knight. The general was made to appear as a fearless leader who really was a regular guy under the uniform. It would be nice to think that a person such as the knight could exist in the twentieth century. The fact of the matter is that it is unlikely that people such as the knight existed even in the fourteenth century. As he does with all of his characters, Chaucer is producing a stereotype in creating the knight. As noted above, Chaucer, in describing the knight, is describing a chivalric ideal. The history of the Middle Ages demonstrates that this ideal rarely was manifested in actual conduct. Nevertheless, in his description of the knight, Chaucer shows the reader the possibility of the chivalric way of life. how the hell do you work this thing?

Auditing Chapter Essay Example

Auditing Chapter Paper Learning Bobs. : 1-1 Identify the components of an audit and explain why there is a demand for audits 2) Auditing should be done by a qualified A) chartered accountant. B) certified management accountant. C) competent and independent person, D) professional accountant. Answer: C Dif:2 Type:MAC Page Ret: 5 Learning Bobs. : I-I Identify the components of an audit and explain vhf there is 3) Which of the following illustrates the definition of auditing with respect to the reporting process? A) accumulation and evaluation Of evidence about balance sheet accounts B) reporting on the degree of correspondence between financial tenements and ASPS C) writing an operational audit report that is tailored to the clients situation D) making sure that the auditor is competent and understands evidence gathering Answer: B Dif:2 Type: MAC Page Ref: 5 4) In the audit of historical financial statements by PA firms, the criteria used are A) generally accepted auditing standards. B) generally accepted accounting principles. C) regulations to the Canada Revenue Agency. D) regulations of the provincial securities commissions. Answer: B Dif:l Type: M C Page kef: 5 Learning Bobs. : 1-1 Identity the components of an audit and explain why there is demand for audits S) A large PA firm has assessed evidence collected during an engagement. Criteria used to assess the financial statements were International Financial Reporting Standards (APRS). A high level Of assurance was Obtained. The type of engagement conducted was a(n) A) audit. B) review. C) management consulting. D) compilation. Answer: A Dif:2 Type: MAC Page 5 6) The auditor and the entities should agree on the criteria to be used in the audit A. Before the audit starts. 8) after the audit planning has been done. C) as they progress with the audit as they can determine which criteria is more suitable. D) at the end of the audit. Dif:l Type:MAC Page Ret: 5 Learning Bobs. : I-I Identify the components of an audit and explain why there is 7) George had a conversation with the accounting personnel and documented information about how the accounting systems f unction. He has also placed copies of accounting forms in his files. George is performing which task? We will write a custom essay sample on Auditing Chapter specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Auditing Chapter specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Auditing Chapter specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer A) accounting procedures B) evidence gathering C) tax audit D) audit report preparation Dif:3 Type: MAC Page Ref: 5 8) One of the reasons that an auditor must be competent is to be able to A) understand the engagement risks and the criteria used by the client. ) explain how the bookkeeping should be done to his staff C) record the transactions properly tort the underlying records. D) capture the information properly in the computer files, Dif 2 Type: M C Page Refer 6 g) One of the reasons that an auditor must be competent is to be able to A) select the type and amount of evidence to accumulate. B) explain how the bookkeeping should be done to his staff. C) record the transactions properly for the underlying records. D) capture the information properly in the computer files. Dif:2 Type: MAC Page Ref:6 Learning Bobs. : 1-1 Identify the components of an audit and explain why there s a demand for audits 10) It is important for the auditor to be independent because A) the auditor would not charge a fair rate to the client. B) the auditor might not be as knowledgeable of the subject matter and the criteria. C) this will prevent bias in accumulating and evaluating evidence. D) the Canadian Tax Authorities require that the auditor be independent. Answer: C Dif:2 Type: MAC Page Reef 6 II) Because an external auditor is paid a fee by a client company, he or she A) is absolutely independent and may conduct an audit. B) may be sufficiently independent to conduct an audit, C) is never considered to be independent. D) must receive approval of the relevant provincial securities commission before conducting an audit. Answer: B Differ Type: M C Page kef: 6 12) The independent auditors report is the A) communication of the result of the audit to the users. B) set Of audited financial statements. C) invoice of the auditor detailing the work they have performed. D) report presented to management about the possible improvements. Answer: A Dif:2 Type: MAC Page Ref: 6 13) In the audit of an individuals tax return, the auditor should demonstrate competence in the use of A) external databases that contain economic statistics. B) standard personal and corporate tax preparation software. C) the Income Tax Act and accompanying regulations. D) database management software for the use of client based research, Answer: Differ Type: M C Page Refer 6 14) In the audit of an individuals tax return, the criteria used would be A) an accounting framework. B) the Income Tax Act. C) the clients policies for taxable income. D) the auditors judgment. Is a demand for audits 15) In the audit Of a corporate tax return, the report provided by the Canada Revenue Agency auditor would describe A) an opinion on the likelihood often return error. B) the likely accounting errors that could contribute to tax errors. C) management issues with respect to accurately reporting taxes. D) corporate income tax overages or income tax under payments, Answer: D Dif:2 Type:MAC Page Ret: 6 16) Joe is recording sales transactions in the accounting system so that they can he summarized in a logical manner for the purpose of providing financial information for decision-making. Joe is performing A) accounting. B) auditing. C) review. D) management consulting. Dif:2 Type:MAC Page 7 1 7) Which Of the following is an example Of accounting rather than auditing? A) gathering evidence about the quality of accounts receivable B) entering sales transactions into the sales order system C) reviewing sales invoices to see if they have been calculated correctly D) comparing bank deposit documents to the recorded cash received Answer: B Dif:3 Type: MAC Page Reef 7 18) In auditing accounting data, the concern is with A) determining whether recorded intonation properly reflects the economic events that occurred during the accounting period. B) determining if fraud has occurred. C) determining if taxable income has been calculated correctly. D) analyzing the uncial information to be sure that it complies with government requirements. Dif:l Type: MAC Page Ret: 7 19) Which of the following is an example of auditing rather than accounting? A) recording purchase amounts in the expense accounts B) posting the daily sales totals to the general ledger C) recording cash received in the customer account files D) evaluating whether accounts receivable are collectible Answer: D Dif:2 Type:MAC Page Ref: 7 is a demand for audits 20) An accountant records information. When conducting an audit, the auditor must possess A) an ability to interpret generally accepted counting frameworks. B) an education beyond the bachelors degree. C) an ability to classify transactions by type. D) an ability to organize and summarize economic events. Dif:2 Type: MAC Page Ret 8 21) How does a financial statement audit affect a bank managers decision in providing loans to a corporate client? A) Information risk could be reduced, so the bank manager may lower the interest rate charged. B) The bank manager will lower the risk-free interest rate that applies to the corporation. C) The business risk for the client will be reduced, so the borrowing costs will decline. D) The equines risk for the client will be increased, so the borrowing costs will be lowered. Answer: A Dif:3 Type:MAC Page Ref:8 Learning Bobs. : I-I Identify the components Of an audit and explain Why there is 22) What is the most appropriate method for an organization to lower information risk related to its financial statements? To have A) good bookkeeping work completed on the accounts. 8) a high quality software package keep track of information. C) an independent financial statement audit conducted. D) an independent operational audit conducted on effectiveness. Answer: C Dif:2 Type: MAC Page Reef 8 3) Discuss the differences and similarities between the roles of accountants and auditors. What additional expertise must an auditor possess beyond that of an accountant? Answer: The role of accountants is to record, classify, and summarize economic events in a logical manner for the purpose of providing financial information for decision making. To do this, accountants must have a sound understanding of the principles and rules that provide the basis for preparing the financial information. In addition, accountants are responsible for developing systems to ensure that the entitys economic events are properly corded on a timely basis and at a reasonable cost. The role Of auditors is to determine Whether the financial information prepared by accountants properly reflects the economic events that occurred. To do this, the auditor must not only understand the principles and rules that provide the basis for preparing financial information, but must also possess expertise in the accumulation and evaluation of audit evidence. It is this latter expertise that distinguishes auditors from accountants. Differ Type: SEES Page Ref: 7 is a demand for audits 24) Frederic is an account manager at a large Canadian bank. Frederic has to decide it the bank will make a loan to Frost Carp, a snow removal company. Further, Frederic has to decide how much they will lend to Frost and at what rate. Assuming that Frederic makes the loan, what factors will he use to decide the rate of interest? What factors are impacted by auditing and how? Answer: 1. Risk free interest rate: Rate bank could earn in a risk free investment such as government bonds, 2. Business risk for the customer: Possibility that the customer will not be able to repay their loan because of economic or business conditions 3. Information risk: Possibility that the information upon which the equines decision was made was inaccurate. The audit impacts the 3rd factor. The importance of an audit is reflected as there is less risk Of the financial misstatement containing material errors if they have been audited. Having a set of audited financial statements can reduce the information risk and increase the likelihood that the bank Will make the loan. Dif: 3 Type: SEES Page Ref:8 1. 2 Link the nature of assurance services to examples of actual services provided 1) The No-Name Advertising Rating Agency conducts independent surveys to determine the sources of purchases by consumers (e. G. Swapper ad, magazine ad, television ad). This information is then used by those media (i. E. Newspapers, magazines, and television broadcasters) to indicate to purchasers of advertising the breadth of coverage that they have. For example, Small Local Newspaper can say that of the purchasers of soap products made their decisions based upon their ads. This helps in selling advertising. What type of service is No-Name providing? A) Assurance B) Attest C) Review D) Compilation Dif:2 Type:MAC Page Ref:9 Learning Bobs. : 1-2 Link the nature Of assurance services to examples Of actual services provided ) Which of the following is an example of an attestation engagement? A) Accounting and bookkeeping services for the accounts B) An audit of internal controls over financial reporting C) Preparation of the annual financial statements, with notes D) Completion of provincial and federal tax returns Differ Type: MAC Page Ref: 9 Learning Bobs. 1-2 Link the nature of assurance services to examples of actual services provided 3) For how many years will assurance engagements be required by individuals or organizations? A) usually only when organizations obtain debt or other loans B) for five years from the start of an organization until bet is retired C) only when historical such as financial information needs to be audited D) on an ongoing basi s, as organizations and societys needs evolve Dif: 2 Type: MAC Page kef: I O 4) What impact is the presence Of factors such as real-time information (such as via the Internet) expected to have upon the demand for assurance services? Demand is expected to A) decline, due to the lack Of adequate resources. B) grow, due to the increase in large corporations. C) grow, due to the need for forward-looking information. D) decline, as small businesses use the Internet more. Dif:2 Type:MAC Page Ref: 10 ) A major type of assurance service performed by large public accounting firms is A) audit. B) review, C) compilation. Differ Type: M C Page Refer I O 6) In Canada, publicly traded companies are A) required to have audits. B) strongly encouraged to have audits. C) not required to have an audit if they have a review. D) not required to have an audit. 7) A shareholder of a public Canadian firm can have access to the audited financial statements A) on the internet. 8) by calling the accounting department of the company. C) requesting a copy from the auditors. D) if he holds more than 1% of the shares of the company. Diet:l Type:MAC Page Ret: 10 services provided 8) What type of information is available trot vow.. Seder. Com (System for Electronic Document Analysis and Retrieval)? Documents such as A) minutes of shareholders and directors meetings. B) transaction reports from major credit card companies. C) annual reports and management discussion and analysis. D) listings of all of the shareholders on record. Dif:2 Type:MAC Page kef: 10-11 9) A reason for a not-for-profit organization to be audited is A) complying With the laws requiring them to be audited. B) meeting requirements of lenders or funding sources. C) having a professional accountant perform their bookkeeping. D) ensuring that their financial statement do not contain errors. Answer: 8 Dif:3 Type: MAC Page Ref: 1 1 10) Which of the following services provides a moderate level of assurance about the clients financial statements? A) Forecasts and projections B) Compliance D) Audit Differ Type: MAC Page kef: 1 2 I I) Which of the following is an advantage of a review engagement as compared to an audit engagement? For the review engagement A) information risk is reduced more than for an audit. B) the documentation to be provided by the client is greater. C) the financial Statements assessed Will have more detail. D) it requires considerably less work, so is less costly. Dif:2 Type:MAC Page Ref: 12 12) The Serbians-Solely Act requires the auditor to attest to the A) accuracy of the financial statements. B) efficiency of the internal controls in financial reporting. C) effectiveness of internal controls. D) compliance of the Corcoran with the generally accepted accounting framework. Answer: C Differ Type: M C page Ret 1 2 Learning Bobs. : 1-2 Link the nature of assurance services to examples of actual services provided 13) The reasoning behind the requirements of the Serbians Solely Acts section 404 (attestation on internal control over financial reporting) is that A) effective controls result in greater profits to organizations, reducing business failures. B) effective controls reduce the likelihood of future misstatements in the financial Statements. C) better internal controls can be implemented at lower cost, improving product quality. D) automated controls improve customer service, resulting in higher product sales. Answer: B Dif:3 Type:MAC Page Ref: 12 14) There is an increasing demand for assurance about computer controls surrounding financial information transacted electronically and the security f the information related to the transaction. This is in large part due to A) the increasing presence of internet sales in many businesses. B) the use of computer assisted auditing tools, C) the many transactions and information shared online and in real time by companies, D) clients uncertainty about the proper functioning Of their computer system. Answer: C Dif 2 Type: MAC page Reef 1 2 IS) The purpose of a Websites service is to assure the user that A) criteria related to business practices, transaction integrity, and information processes have been met B) information systems are reliable in areas such as security, data integrity, ND program quality. C) controls over information systems implemented by the company are used consistently and reliably. D) there will not be any unauthorized access to the web site or other systems used by the client organization. Answer: A 16) Which of the following services results in the placement of an electronic seal affixed to the web site? A) review engagement B) internal controls assessment C) struts D) Websites Dif:2 Type: MAC Page Reef 12 Learning Bobs. : 1-2 Link the nature to assurance services to examples of actual services provided 1 7) PA is attempting to sell a service to his clients that will revive assurance on information systems reliability.

How to excel in academic life Essay Example

How to excel in academic life Essay Example How to excel in academic life Essay How to excel in academic life Essay How to excel in academic life Nowadays education has a very strong influence on our life in future. The better you in your forming, the better you will be in your future. Following this, everyone wants to be succeeded in his academic life. In my opinion, we have to be unique and diversified. There are those who say that we should be sociable and friendly as well as take part in university life. Meanwhile, others argue that learners should spend all of their time with books and encyclopedias. Let us consider these two opinions. First of all, people who advise to spend more time talking with people, as a rule are wasting own time in parties and talks. Let us take an example of a student who almost always chat with his friends or participate in entertainment events. From my point of view, such person will not have proper time for study. Thereby, definitely it must be on the second background. Secondly, hard workers who always learn something and have a pastime almost only with books, will have some problems in relations with people around. For instance, if student do not communicate with others because of hard studying, he can leave without friends and nobody will help him In a difficult situation. Thus, It Is opposite side of the first point and also not good one because of the fact that human being is social creature and needs in communication. To sum it up, It can be said that we have to plan wisely our time for friends, books and other activities, but we should make appropriate decisions when we faced with the choice and spend the majority of our time for self-perfection to excel In academic life.

Operations Management in Textile Industry Research Paper

Operations Management in Textile Industry - Research Paper Example This essay explores how textile sector dominates the manufacturing sector and contribute to livelihood.   It also looked at problems encountered during operations and ways of improving those challenges. The theme of the report is operations management in the textile industry. Textile manufacturing is a leading industry in the world. The sector has been the backbone of many countries’ economy, and it contributes to the development of these countries in terms of creation of employment and economic growth. According to findings, cotton is the world’s number one natural fiber. It is noted that, in the year 2007, global yield was 25 million tons from 35 million hectares cultivated in more than 50 countries including Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia relies on the same industry for their economic growth and employment. This is achieved in many sectors of the industry from the agricultural sector for raw materials to production processes for finish goods. The process needs proper o perations management from the conversion of three types of fiber into yarn, then fabric and then textiles as a finished product. These are fabricated to finished cloths or other artifacts to be sold or used in the marketplace. The natural fiber cotton is the most important in this sector because, without the raw material, no manufacturing process can take place. Many variable processes available will be discussed in at the spinning and fabric-forming stage. This having complexities of the finished and coloration to a production of a wide range of finished products. The Saudi Arabia strength in this industry is recognized world over, currently, Saudi Arabia is one of the largest producers of cotton as a raw material for this industry. This industry helps Saudi Arabia export $1.2 billion in the year 2008, and clothing trade was $ 0.8 billion. This brings a lot of income to the national GDP which has to be followed in terms of operations and process.

Repot based on prepared financial statment Essay

Repot based on prepared financial statment - Essay Example The company’ profitability position was strong. It generated strong ROCE of 17.9% and ROA of 15.73. It implies that the company was efficiently utilizing its assets to generate high profits from its operations. It was reflected from operating profit margin of 10.4% and gross profit margin of 48.70%. The liquidity position of the company was reported to be strong. Both current and quick ratios had values greater than one, which is significant as the company had a high value of current assets that could cover its current obligations. The company’s converted its inventory into sales in 76.6 days, which suggested slow movement and inventory turnover of just 4.77. However, the company was efficient to collect cash for its receivables. On the other hand, the company paid its suppliers in 46.7 days. Moreover, the company only generated  £1.51 of sales for every  £1 invested in assets. The company’s leverage position was very weak. The gearing ratio value was 21.28, which suggested that the company highly depends on external borrowing to meet its business requirements. Moreover, it incurred high interest costs that consumer most of the company’s operating profits i.e.

Experiences of Morrison concerts Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Experiences of Morrison concerts - Assignment Example The piano trio, which consisted of a piano, a cello and a violin, was excellent, as was the string quartet with the special guest Mack McCray on the piano. The overall feeling of both of these musical ensembles was that there was a certain lightness to the playing, at least in spots. I really enjoy the cello, especially, as it tends to have such rich tones, and it complemented the piano on the Calyx piano trio very well. As did the violin. What struck me was that, between both concerts, the music was very similar. There were periods where the music sounded like folk music, like Hungarian folk music, and then there were spots were I could detect a slight Celtic bent to the music. Then, there were periods of the concert when the music sounded more like modern music, with a hint of Igor Stravinsky in some of the chords. That is, there were periods where the music became allegro and the musicians played them with great passion and verve. Mack McCray was an amazing pianist. He played with a great flow and passion, and there was not a note that was out of place. Sometimes it seemed that the concert belonged to him, more than the string quartet, but there were other spots where the quartet dominated and the piano receded into the background. I also enjoyed listening to the different influences that were heard throughout the perfomances. For instance, in the Schumann's Piano Quintet in E Flat Major, which was one of the pieces that was played in the St. Petersburg String Quartet, there were evidently influences that were classical and romantic in origin. The piece went from a lugubrious opening with the cello dominating, then went more into the lighter parts of the piece where the piano was blended in harmoniously with the strings of the other instruments. There were periods that sounded like a waltz, but this was only in spots. The piano in the middle of the piece had an air to it that sounded very polished, and I recognized that the piece had a quality to it that spo ke to me. I was also very interested in the Benjamin Britten piece, as I had studied his music extensively, and I knew of his operas. This piece started out with an almost discordant tone to the strings, and it was definitely the product of a modern composer. That is, the staccato string that can be heard throughout the first part of this piece, combined with the discordant tones are those which are not typically heard in the classical or romantic or baroque styles. This piece actually was the piece that liked the least, because I am not a fan of the discordant style and there was something about it that hearkened to movies with American Indians. And this is what the piece sounded like – music that should be played in American Indian movies. It was a little difficult to listen to, but I do know that this is a style that many people enjoy. The second movement of this piece, however, was much better, and struck a much more harmonious tone. What was striking, though, about the B ritten piece is that it sounded almost spare compared to some of the other pieces which were played. There were very little flourishes that one is used to hearing from a string quartet with a piano. The Franck piece, which as Piano Quintet

Analysis of Prest v Petrodel Resources Ltd

Analysis of Prest v Petrodel Resources Ltd The relatively short and significant judgment in the Supreme Court case of Prest v Petrodel Resources Ltd has gathered vociferous interest from academics and practitioners. It was of key interest as it was a legal cross over between family law and company law. The legal team representing Prest stated that the decision is of major importance not only for family law and divorcing couples, but also for company law, and it is the most important reviews since Victorian times on the law regarding piercing the corporate veil.[2] The principles of lifting the corporate veil for the past eight decades seemed to have never been wholly established as judges always contradicted each other and never reached a unanimous decision. There has been extensive discussion as to whether a court can ignore the principle of separate legal personality and treat a companys property, rights and obligations as belonging to a person who owns and controls the company.[3] The critical points which would be analyse d in this essay would be whether Prest has brought us closer to what the principle of lifting the corporate veil can be defined as, what it entails or whether the whole doctrine should be set aside. It will be argued that the law should not be given its quietus as it seems that judges are somewhat getting closer to an answer. Prest narrowed the circumstances in which the doctrine may apply thus, this could show that decision makers are near the end of a long marathon. On the contrary, it seems that even if the doctrine is set aside, the principles would still be applied unknowingly by judges, it would perhaps not be defined as piercing the veil doctrine. It would possibly be applied in conjunction with other laws which would have the same effect and outcome as piercing the corporate veil. Lifting the corporate veil has been viewed narrowly to be the process used by the courts to either determine what exactly is going on behind the shell of incorporation. The whole concept of lifting the veil was derived from Salomon v Salomon[4] where corporate veil was established. It was held that a limited company was viewed like any other independent person with its right and liabilities appropriate to itself[5] The Salomon principle has been the foundation on which company law and business corporations have thrived on for years.[6] When taking into consideration how the law has developed in this area, Cheung describes that it is evident the House of Lords decision in Woolfson [7] came to be source for guidance in subsequent cases. More importantly, the HL emphasised that it is only appropriate to pierce the corporate veil where the circumstances indicate that the company is merely a faà §ade concealing true facts. However, despite this important distinction, the courts have alwa ys been wary that there must be some limit to the protection afforded by limited liability to ensure that business dealings remain honest. As Lazarus[8] explained no court will allow a person to keep an advantage which had been obtained by fraud[9] This principle underpinned all of the early attempts to pierce the veil meaning that the court will not allow a corporate personality to be used to protect individuals from wrongdoing. Similarly, Lord Sumption explains piercing the corporate veil means disregarding the separate personality of the company[10] Moreover, as per Lord Keith in Woolfson,[11] he states it is appropriate to pierce the corporate veil only where special circumstances exist[12] Consequently, right from the onset, there were conflicting views. The reception which the doctrine received forty years ago is still echoed to this day in Prest. The court reaffirmed in Prest the well-established judicial conservatism approach that the corporate veil could only be pierced in very rare cases[13] Therefore, despite the doctrine not being clear, it is well established that the doctrine is not be considered in all corporate cases but, ought to be considered only rare ones. On the other hand,it can be argued, that the strictness of the approach led to the doctrine existing more as a matter of legal theory than as a feature of legal practice. Prior to Prest, in Lipman,[14]the only way to lift the veil was if the company was regarded as a sham or mere faà §ade. In Smallbone,[15]Sir Morritt brought forward the argument that it is uncertain as to which circumstances a company can be considered as a sham or whether the company need to do something illegal for immorality to suffice.[16] Hence, this suggests that there is no clear structure to be followed. This could create further confusion as to what the doctrine of piercing the corporate veil originally intended to do. Could this perhaps suggest that it is better to abandon the doctrine as a whole rather than to try and figure out what the principle actually proposes to do. This could perhaps create more clarity in the sense that decision makers would know what is not meant to be included in the doctrine. Furthermore, this can be mirrored in Prest where Lady Hale and Lord Wilson doubted whether it is possible to classify all cases neatly into cases of either concealment or evasion[17] Therefore, even to this day there are a lot of question marks as to when and how the doctrine is applied; there are still a lot of unanswered questions which have not been dealt with. It seems that the judges only deal with these when and how it comes. It can be contended that the doctrine is there but, no one has yet connected the dots to see the full picture of what it entails. The fact that none of these questions seem to provide a clear picture further creates problems today as for a doctrine to develop or adapt to the new changes, the reasonings behind the past decision needs to be understood thus, if one cannot do that then how can the doctrine be established. Notwithstanding, since Prest, it is no longer sufficient for a company to show that it is a mere faà §ade or a sham;[18] one must show that control of the company by the wrongdoer was used as a device to conceal the wrongdoing.[19] A new provision on how the doctrine should be established was brought in Prest. Over the past eighty years, there has been many interpretations. Most recently, analysed by Lord Sumption where he identified the concealment and evasion principle. In Prest, Lord Sumption argued for a narrower and clearer approach by restricting the circumstances in which the veil may be pierced. This was because references to a faà §ade or sham beg too many questions to provide a satisfactory answer[20] He attempted to give an explanation; He stated that the veil would be restricted to two principles: the concealment principle and the evasion principle.[21] The concealment principles is the interposition of a company or perhaps several companies so as to conceal the real ac tors[22] But, he noted that this does not actually involve piercing the veil; the court is simply looking behind the faà §ade to discover the true facts.[23] Contrarily, the evasion principle applies where a person is under an existing legal obligation which he deliberately evades by interposing a company under his control.[24] However, despite the two approaches being somewhat clear; Lord Alcock observes that care must be taken because none of the other six justices of the Supreme Court agreed with Lord Sumption without some qualifications[25] He also points out that there is substantial uncertainty surrounding the operation of the evasion principle.[26] Most significantly, Neuberger also found that in cases where piercing the veil was considered, it either did not apply in the facts, or it was applied on the facts but the results could have been arrived at on some other legal basis.[27] On these grounds, this could show that the doctrine does not necessarily need to exist as the same outcome can be arrived on some other legal basis. It can be indicated that the doctrine could perhaps only exist to give reassurance to corporate businesses in order to ensure them that they have a sense of security in case something goes wrong, but in reality, it does not exist and is rarely applied. Undoubtedly, Lord Neuberger drew different conclusions regarding the application of the principle. He argued that there is not much support for the doctrine.[28] He observed that there is no English case which unequivocally underpinned a power to lift the veil[29]; however, recognition is given to a limited power as a valuable judicial tool to undo wrongdoing in cases where no other solution exist[30] It gives the impression that every judge will come up with a new principle every now and again which would be relied upon but then a couple of years after, a new judge will find criticism in the doctrine. It seems that it is going around in a vicious circle without reaching an end-po int. Additionally, Lord Sumptions principle brought further opposition. Lord Mance argued that It is dangerous to seek to foreclose all possible future situations which may arise and I would not wish to do so[31] Furthermore, it should be considered that Prest only dealt with one specific class of asset which were held by those of corporate entities. The decision shows that an application of company law principles is required when determining the ownership of those assets.[32] Henceforth, this shows that Prest only narrowed only one specific factor in piercing the corporate veil, a factor which cannot be used in all cases. This further shows that we are no closer to an answer of lifting the corporate veil. Contrarily to the above, despite there not being a set doctrine, it seems that the Lordships all agree on one aspect. In Prest, they all accepted the existence of a general common law veil piercing as being limited to rare and exceptional circumstances.[33] Lord Clarke argued that Sumptions distinction the circumstances in which the doctrine apply are rare[34] This similar reaction has been echoed in the past. It can be thus shown, that not much has changed and the decision makers are still unsure as to when the doctrine can be applied. In 2017, it is very difficult to predict what the future path for the doctrine will take as there are many conflicts on this topic even from the Supreme Court judges. As stated above, Lord Neuberger, Lord Clarke and Lady Hale were not entirely convinced on the validity of the doctrine and seeing it as merely a metaphor which was unclear and inchoherent. This was contrasted with Lord Mance and Lord Walker who are very much in favour of keeping the doct rine. On the other hand, Lord Neuberger who had initially been in favour of giving the doctrine its quietus because it had been misapplied in the eighty years indicates that the obiter by Lord Sumption is very influential and could prove to be important in future cases. Hence, this further indicates that there are still many uncertainties within the doctrine itself. It can be indicated that if Prest was successful in providing a set answer as to what piercing the corporate veil entails then there would have been many cases which would have pierced the veil post Prest. For some the most helpful case is the decision in Pennyfeathers limited v Pennyfeathers property company limited.[35] It is said to be a better example of facts for giving rise to the principle of piercing the veil. Provided that the principle was to be properly established then there is one thing that all decision makers would agree upon which would be that the company was used in an attempt to immunise himself from the liability of wrongdoing[36] This is consistent in DHN[37] just as much as it is in Gramsci.[38] It seems that in every case that involves piercing the veil, the defendants always argue that there is no such thing as piercing the corporate veil[39] thus, could it be that many wrongdoers have been able to escape liabilities simply because the doctrine was not well es tablished. The new approach found in VTB[40]and Prest significantly restrictive approach to piercing the corporate veil which in effect has relegated the doctrine to a principle of last resort.[41] Post Prest cases such as R v McDowell[42] and R v Singh[43] shows that the superior courts exercising restraint in disturbing the principle in Salomon.[44] It therefore appears that where litigants can show that the relevant tests are satisfied, the courts will allow them to obtain judgement against assets that were intentionally placed out of their reach. However, these cases are and will remain exceptional. More recently, in Akzo Nobel[45] in its arguments had suggested that the Competition Commission had tried to attribute the activities of the subsidiaries to Akzo Nobel which was in effect piercing the corporate veil.[46] It could be considered that an alternative approach would be to put the doctrine on a statutory basis so that the courts would have a guide to follow instead of consistently establishing conflicting views between themselves. However, this could prevent flexibility of the courts whilst it faces complex issues which cannot be foreseen by statute. On the other side of the coin, it would be less harmful than having ambiguous rules. Furthermore, there could be an extension which established distinct body rules for corporate groups such as in Germany. The interest of the whole group both financial and non- financial matters would be recognised. Moreover, another approach could be piercing the veil by removing limited liability towards involuntary creditors, notably tort victims. In Chandler v Cape,[47] it introduced some basis for this approach whilst imposing liability on a parent company by suggesting that the parent company has a duty to the employees of its subsidiary company. To conclude, it has been suggested by academic commentary that the decision reflects a progressive trend of restricting the doctrine.[48] However, it can be contemplated that slightly narrowing a doctrine which Supreme Court judges do not agree with does not mean that it is progressive.[49] If one keeps on rebutting every proposal that is brought forward then that is not progressive, it does not feel like any decision makers has tried to find a solution for this problem. It can be disputed that this is a never ending vicious circle.  It seems as if it is an entertaining ground for judges to see what new solution can be made this time around. Prest brings a new kind of uncertainty.[50] However, Prest does confirm that the veil would only be pierced in exceptional circumstances. There is one basis which all judges approve which is that the veil is only to be pierced in exceptional circumstances. This could perhaps be a starting point of a well-established doctrine. It can be contende d that, even if the doctrine is given is quietus, judges would still apply the principles of piercing the veil unknowingly. This decision can be derived from another legal basis but, it will have the same outcome. Thus, even if it is given its quietus, the doctrine would still be there transparently. It seems that we are at a halt with the long marathon until, a case can fully apply the two provisions in Prest. Bibliography Practitioners Textbooks Palmers Company Law Books A Digman A, John Lowry, Company Law (8th edn OUP Oxford) Birds J, Boyle Clark B et al, company Law (9th edn, Jordan Publishing) Dr Wilde C, Smith and Keenans Company Law ( 17th edn Pearson) Lowry J, and Arad Reisberg, Company Law Corporate Finance (4th Edn, Pearson Journals Akansha Dubey et al, Family Law (2014) 3(1) A Alcock piercing the veil- A dodo of a Doctrine (2013) 25 denning LJ 241,243 A Bowden Concealment, Evasion and Piercing the corporate veil: Prest v Peterodel Resources Ltd [2013], Greens Business law, April 2014 Bull S, piercing the corporate veil in England and Singapore [2014] Heinonline C Hare, Piercing the corporate veil in the supreme court (again)- The Cambridge Law Journal, 72 [2013] 511-515 Chrysthis N Papacleovoulou, lifting or piercing, the corporate veil in Cyprus: a doctrine under challenge- an analysis of English and Cyprus case Law analysis (2016) 27 (4) ICCLR D Lightman, Petrodel Resources Ltd v Prest: Where are we now? Trust Trustees (2013) 19 (9):877 J McDonagh, Piercing the corporate veil in the family division: Prest the latest from the court of appeal- Trust and Trustees (2013) 19 (2) 137 J Payne Lifting the corporate veil: A reassessment of the fraud exception Cambridge law Journal, 56 (2) July 1997 Mujih E, Piercing the corporate veil as a remedy after Prest V Petrodel resources Ltd: Inching towards Abolition [2016] Westlaw 17,17 Pey Woan Lee, The Enigma of Veil- Piercing (2015) 26 (1) ICCLR 28, 30 Spears, Expert analysis of the Prest Judgement (Spears ,11 June 2013) Tan Cheng-Han, Veil piecing- a fresh start (2015) 1 JBL Online Articles Spears, Expert analysis of the Prest Judgement (Spears ,11 June 2013) http:///www.spearswms.com/expert-analysis-of-the-Prest-judgment/> accessed 8th March 2017 Simon Mcleod- The Corporate Veil And Its Piercing As Clear As? http://gdknowledge.co.uk/the-corporate-veil-and-its-piercing-as-clear-as/ >accessed 20th February 2017 Cases Akzo Nobel NV v Competition Commission [2013] CAT 13 Antonio Gramsci Shipping Corp ors v Aivars Lembergs [2013] EWCA Civ 730 DHN Food Distributors Ltd v Tower Hamlets London Borough Council [1976] 1 WLR 852 Lazarus Estates Ltd v Beasley [1956] 1 QB 702 Prest v Petrodel Resources Ltd UKSC 34, [2013] R v McDowell [2015] EWCA Crim 173 R v Singh [2015] EWCA Crim 173 Salomon v Salomon [1896] UKHL 1 Trustor AB v Smallbone (No 2) [2001] EWHC 703 VTB Capital plc v Nutritek International Corp [2013] UKSC 5 Woolfson v Strathclyde Regional Council [1978] UKHL 5 [1] Prest v Petrodel Resources Ltd UKSC 34, [2013] [2] Spears, Expert analysis of the Prest Judgement (Spears ,11 June 2013) http:///www.spearswms.com/expert-analysis-of-the-Prest-judgment/> accessed 8th March 2017 [3] French D, Mayson S Ryan C, Company law (31st edn, OUP) 127 [4] Salomon v Salomon [1896] UKHL 1 [5] Lord Halsbury Salomon v Salomon [98] [6] Lowry J, and Arad Reisberg, Company Law Corporate Finance (4th Edn, Pearson) 35 [7] Woolfson v Strathclyde Regional Council [1978] UKHL 5 [8] Lazarus Estates Ltd v Beasley [1956] 1 QB 702 [9] Ibid [10] Prest Lord Sumption [16] [11] Woolfson v Strathclyde Regional Council [1978] UKHL 5 [12] Paragraph 90 lord Ketih [13] Prest [103] Lord Clarke [14] Jones v Lipman [15] Trustor AB v Smallbone (No 2) [2001] EWHC 703 [16] Ibid [17] Ibid [92] Lady Hale [18] Jones v Lipman [44] [19] Birds J, Boyle Clark B et al, company Law (9th edn, Jordan Publishing) 60 [20] Prest [28] (lord Sumption) [21] Pret [28] Lord Sumption [22] Ibid [23] Ibid [24] Ibid [35] [25] Alistair Alcock piercing the veil- A dodo of a Doctrine (2013) 25 denning LJ 241,243 [26] Pey Woan Lee, The Enigma of Veil- Piercing (2015) 26 (1) ICCLR 28, 30 [27] Prest [74] Lord Neuberger [28] Prest [69] (lord Neuberger) Alistar Alcock (n 18) 250 [29] Ibid [30] Ibid [31] Ibid [100] Lord Mance [32] Piercing the corporate veil in the family division: Prest the latest from the court of appeal- Trust and Trustees (2013) 19 (2) 137 [33] Piercing the corporate veil in the supreme court (again)- The Cambridge Law Journal, 72 [2013] 511-515 [34] Ibid [103] Lord Clarke [35] Pennyfeathers limited v Pennyfeathers property company limited [2013] EWHC 3530 (Ch) [36] Gramsci. Burton J [101] [37] DHN Food Distributors Ltd v Tower Hamlets London Borough Council [1976] 1 WLR 852 [38] Antonio Gramsci Shipping Corp ors v Aivars Lembergs [2013] EWCA Civ 730 [39] Ibid [40] VTB Capital plc v Nutritek International Corp [2013] UKSC 5 [41] Bull S, piercing the corporate veil in England and Singapore [2014] Heinonline 39,39 [42] R v Singh [2015] EWCA Crim 173 [43] R v McDowell [2015] EWCA Crim 173 [44] Mujih E, Piercing the corporate veil as a remedy after Prest V Petrodel resources Ltd: Inching towards Abolition [2016] Westlaw 17,17 [45] Akzo Nobel NV v Competition Commission [2013] CAT 13 [46] Simon McLeod- The Corporate Veil And Its Piercing As Clear As? http://gdknowledge.co.uk/the-corporate-veil-and-its-piercing-as-clear-as/ accessed 20th February 2017 [47] Chandler v Cape plc [2012] EWCA Civ 525 [48] Akansha Dubey et al, Family Law (2014) 3(1) 214,217 [49] Tan Cheng-Han, Veil piecing- a fresh start (2015) 1 JBL 20,21 [50] Chrysthis N Papacleovoulou, lifting or piercing, the corporate veil in Cyprus: a doctrine under challenge- an analysis of English and Cyprus case Law analysis (2016) 27 (4) ICCLR 129,130

Fight for Freedom in Toni Morrisons The Song of Solomon :: Song of Solomon Essays

Fight for Freedom in Toni Morrison's The Song of Solomon "The scream that boomed down the cave tunnel and woke the bats came just when Macon thought that he had taken his last living breath. The bleeding man turned toward the direction of the scream and looked at the colored girl long enough for Macon to pull out his knife and bring it down the old man's back. He crashed forward, then turned his head to look at them. His mouth moved and he mumbles something that sounds like 'What for?' Macon stabbed him again and again until he stopped moving his mouth, stop trying to talk and stopped jumping and twitching on the ground" (pg. 171). This is an excerpt for the novel The Song of Solomon (1987), by Toni Morrison. Macon one of the main characters, only a child at the time, kills a man whom he thinks is threatening him and his sister's, Pilate, life. After killing the man the two children travel to the man's camp where they discover three bags of gold. Macon also sees, " the dusty boots of his farther" (pg 170). Becoming alarmed, Pilate says, "I t is Papa!". To her cry a voice whispers 'sing, sing'. Macon greedily packs up the gold while Pilate searchers frantically for their farther. After a terrible fight the two separate. Ironically years later they end up living in the same small Michigan town. Macon and Pilate hate and their family secret all the while still grows in differnt directions. Macon moves on with his life and marries Ruth. The couple have three children, Lean, First Corinthians, and Macon who receives the nickname of Milkman. Milkman being interested in Pilate granddaughter, spends a great deal of his childhood at Pilate's house--despite his fathers disapproval. After living at home for the past thirty years Milkman becomes swamped with his family secret. His farther claims that Pilate stole the gold from the man his killed camp sight. And Pilate claims the bag of her 'inheritance' only to be bones. Becoming frustrated, Milkman sets out to find the truth of his family fude. Toni Morrison's mystery novel keeps the readers curiosity,as she write her storyline about the lifestyle of a black society in the 1980's. Within this black society, the people are pursuing their freedom. Toni theme of her novel is freedom, and each character can only obtain their freedom by one of two paths.